Sunday, July 1, 2012

Officers of English East India Company arrested by Raja Shivaji.. and why?

Following are the 8 officers of English EIC arrested by Shivaji Maharaj.
  1. Henry Revington.
  2. Randolph Taylor.
  3. Robert Ferrand.
  4. Richard Napier.
  5. Richard Taylor.
  6. Philip Giffard.
  7. Robert Ward. Doctor (Surgeon) by profession.
  8. William Mingham. (Mostly Sailor and a gunman).
What are the probable irritants by which Shivaji Maharaj got upset over Englishmen behavior.

  • English EIC had their one of the two main factories at Surat and Rajapur.
  • After Shivaji Maharaj eliminated Afzal Khan (Adilshahi Commander) on 10 Nov. 1659, one of his officer (Mahmud Sharif) fled from Dabhol and arrived at Rajapur with 3 ships belonging to Afzal Khan.
  • Adilshahi commander/soldiers/sailors who were with the ships asked Englishmen at Rajapur to keep one of their ship in return of the money which some of Adilshahi commander owes mostly to Rajapur factory.
  • At the same time Maratha army of around 600 soldiers arrived at Rajapur and around 200 at Jaitapur in pursuit of Adilshahi forces and asked Englishmen to handover the ships and the Adilshahi commanders to them which Englishmen refused to obey.
  • However, Adilshahi commanders agreed to surrender to Shivaji Maharaj. It is unknown what went wrong, but on next day or two the tried to escape and opened fire on Shivaji's force.
  • Englishmen neither tried to stop them or brought them back.
  • Getting upset over the scene, commander of Shivaji arrested Philip Giffard (English officer of Rajapur) and Velji (Broker for English factory of Rajapur) and carried them as a hostage.
  • Henry Revington discoursed this incident with Surat council but they were not in favor of handing over Adilshahi ships and commanders to Shivaji in return of release of Philip and Velji.
  • H.R (Henry Revington) wrote a letter to Shivaji for their release but instead of waiting for the answer, he invented a plan to rescue them by force, which he materialized after few days.
  • This behavior is not expected from "merchants" and Shivaji Maharaj might have taken this as an insult to him.
  • After few days Adilshahi officer (Siddi Jauhar) laid siege of Panhala fort.
  • Henry Revington, Velji, Randolph Taylor along with some more Englishmen helped Siddi by providing   long barrel canons, grenades  and technical expertise. He did all this publicly by hoisting Union Jack with his little troop. 
  • He not only provided the ammunition but also accompanied Siddi Jauhar in his camp with few of the English soldiers which Shivaji Maharaja could very well see from the top of the fort.
  • This is again not expected from "merchants" who were on Indian soil for trading purpose and not to wage a war.
  • This was done against the EIC's will and for which EIC rebuked him.
  • Shivaji Maharaj later escaped from the siege of Panhala fort and began his south konkan expedition and during that expedition, he raided Rajapur and arrested above mentioned Englishmen as prisoners.
  • English had openly joined the war against Shivaji Maharaj by providing Canons and grenades... and not to forget the Union Jack. 
Over the course of time we all came to know they were not only merchants.

~Reference - Sir Gajanan Mehendale~

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