Estado da India.

• Vasco da Gama rounded Cape of Good hope and arrived Calicut (Kozhikode) at around 1497.
• Portuguese drove Arabs out and overthrown the rule of  Zamorin or Samoothiri (Lord of the sea).
• They also established their colonies at several places on the shore of Indian ocean.
• The Portuguese colonies stretching from Cape of Good Hope to Macau constituted their Indian empire popularly known as Estado da India. 
• Portuguese had an absolute control over the vessels which could sail in the Indian ocean.
• They strictly enforced the rule that all the ships belonging to oriental states had to buy cartazes or permits if they had to sail in the ocean. Even the members of royal families like Mughal Empire, Adilshahi and Kutubshahi sultanates had to buy cartazes.
• In 1759 their capital was shifted from Old Goa to Panji which was called as Nova Goa.
• There was almost no naval strength of any major power of this land. Even Mughals, Adilshahi and Qutubshahi had to comply to Portuguese whims.